Parts Of The Brain And Their Functions

. Cerebrum. Cerebellum. Limbic System. Brain Stem The nervous system is your body's decision and communication center.The central nervous system (CNS) is made of the brain and the spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is made of nerves. Together they control every part of your daily life, from breathing and blinking to helping you memorize facts for a test. Nerves reach from your brain to your face, ears, eyes, nose, and spinal cord.

• Parts Of The Brain

And from the spinal cord to the rest of your body. Sensory nerves gather information from the environment, send that info to the spinal cord, which then speed the message to the brain. The brain then makes sense of that message and fires off a response. Motor neurons deliver the instructions from the brain to the rest of your body. The spinal cord, made of a bundle of nerves running up and down the spine, is similar to a superhighway, speeding messages to and from the brain at every second. The brain is made of three main parts: the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. The forebrain consists of the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus (part of the limbic system).

The midbrain consists of the tectum and tegmentum. The hindbrain is made of the cerebellum, pons and medulla. Often the midbrain, pons, and medulla are referred to together as the brainstem. The Cerebrum: The cerebrum or cortex is the largest part of the human brain, associated with higher brain function such as thought and action. The cerebral cortex is divided into four sections, called 'lobes': the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe. Here is a visual representation of the cortex: What do each of these lobes do?. Frontal Lobe- associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving.

Parietal Lobe- associated with movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli. Occipital Lobe- associated with visual processing. Temporal Lobe- associated with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech Note that the cerebral cortex is highly wrinkled.

Essentially this makes the brain more efficient, because it can increase the surface area of the brain and the amount of neurons within it. We will discuss the relevance of the degree of cortical folding (or gyrencephalization) later.(Go here for more information about cortical folding) A deep furrow divides the cerebrum into two halves, known as the left and right hemispheres.

What Are the Regions of the Brain and What Do They Do? The brain has many different parts. The brain also has specific areas that do certain types of work. These areas are called lobes. One lobe works with your eyes when watching a movie. There is a lobe that is controlling your legs and arms when running and kicking a soccer ball.

The two hemispheres look mostly symmetrical yet it has been shown that each side functions slightly different than the other. Sometimes the right hemisphere is associated with creativity and the left hemispheres is associated with logic abilities. The corpus callosum is a bundle of axons which connects these two hemispheres. Nerve cells make up the gray surface of the cerebrum which is a little thicker than your thumb. White nerve fibers underneath carry signals between the nerve cells and other parts of the brain and body.

1. The outermost layer of the cerebral hemisphere which is composed of gray matter. Cortices are asymmetrical. Both hemispheres are able to analyze sensory data, perform memory functions, learn new information, form thoughts and make decisions.
2. The parts of the brain and their functions when damaged can cause serious and complicated consequences. Some mental illness or disorders are schizophrenia, panic or anxiety disorders, obsessive thinking disorder, bipolar disorder, and many more with relation to the mind disorders.

The neocortex occupies the bulk of the cerebrum. This is a six-layered structure of the cerebral cortex which is only found in mammals. It is thought that the neocortex is a recently evolved structure, and is associated with 'higher' information processing by more fully evolved animals (such as humans, primates, dolphins, etc). For more information about the neocortex, click here.

The Cerebellum: The cerebellum, or 'little brain', is similar to the cerebrum in that it has two hemispheres and has a highly folded surface or cortex. This structure is associated with regulation and coordination of movement, posture, and balance. The cerebellum is assumed to be much older than the cerebrum, evolutionarily.

What do I mean by this? In other words, animals which scientists assume to have evolved prior to humans, for example reptiles, do have developed cerebellums. However, reptiles do not have neocortex. Go here for more discussion of the neocortex or go to the following web site for a more detailed look at evolution of brain structures and intelligence: 'Ask the Experts': Evolution and Intelligence Limbic System: The limbic system, often referred to as the 'emotional brain', is found buried within the cerebrum. Like the cerebellum, evolutionarily the structure is rather old.

This system contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus. Here is a visual representation of this system, from a midsagittal view of the human brain: Click on the words to learn what these structures do:. Thalamus. Hypothalamus. Amygdala.

Parts Of The Brain

Hippocampus Brain Stem: Underneath the limbic system is the brain stem. This structure is responsible for basic vital life functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure. Scientists say that this is the 'simplest' part of human brains because animals' entire brains, such as reptiles (who appear early on the evolutionary scale) resemble our brain stem. Look at a good example of this here.

The brain stem is made of the midbrain, pons, and medulla. Click on the words to learn what these structures do:. Midbrain. Pons. Medulla.

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It's a not an energy conversion device. There is no change in frequency.

It has two types windings. Efficiency high because no rotating loss. The core plates of a transformer are made of silicon steel. Sheets are laminated to reduce eddy current losses. Sheets are coated with an oxide to reduce iron losses.

Core provided to flow the low reluctance. Conventional transformer has two type windings. Mostly we are using for distribution core type t/f. In core type copper surround core. In shell type core surround the copper winding.

To reduce the hysterisis loss,heat treated grain oriented silicon steel laminations are used.